aivoselkäydintulehdus

Aivoselkäydintulehdus, also known as myelitis, is an inflammation of the spinal cord. It can affect the central nervous system and lead to a range of neurological symptoms. The inflammation can damage the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve fibers, or the nerve fibers themselves.

Causes of myelitis are diverse and can include infections, autoimmune diseases, and vascular problems. Infectious causes might involve viruses such as enteroviruses, herpesviruses, or West Nile virus. Autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or Sjögren's syndrome can trigger the immune system to attack the spinal cord. In some cases, the exact cause remains unknown.

Symptoms of myelitis typically develop rapidly, often over hours or days, and can include weakness or paralysis in the limbs, sensory disturbances such as numbness or tingling, pain, and bladder or bowel dysfunction. The severity and location of symptoms depend on which part of the spinal cord is affected.

Diagnosis usually involves a neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the spinal cord and detect inflammation, and laboratory tests of blood and cerebrospinal fluid to identify potential causes.

Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, managing symptoms, and addressing the underlying cause. This may include corticosteroids, plasma exchange, or immunosuppressive medications. Rehabilitation, including physical and occupational therapy, plays a crucial role in helping individuals regain function and adapt to any lasting deficits. The prognosis for myelitis varies widely depending on the cause, severity, and promptness of treatment.