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Air refueling is the process of transferring fuel from one aircraft to another in mid-air, allowing an aircraft to extend its range and endurance without the need for a traditional landing. This is typically done between a refueling tanker, also known as a tanker aircraft or a tanker truck, and a receiver aircraft.

The process of air refueling involves a refueling boom, a drogue, or a hose from the tanker extending to the receiver aircraft, which then connects to the aircraft's refueling system. Fuel is then pumped from the tanker into the receiver's fuel tanks. There are several methods for refueling, including the hose-and-drogue method, the flying boom method, and the basket method.

Air refueling is primarily used for military aircraft, as it allows for rapid and safe refueling in a hot and dynamic combat environment. However, it is also used for civilian aircraft, such as commercial airliners and private planes, in certain situations, such as when there is a need for emergency or expedited refueling.

Air refueling has several advantages, including increased range and endurance, the ability to respond quickly to changing situations, and the ability to operate in environments where traditional refueling is not feasible. It also allows for the deployment of aircraft to remote or hard-to-reach locations.

Air refueling has become an essential component of modern airpower and has been used in many military and civilian operations around the world. The technology involved in air refueling has continued to evolve, with advancements in safety, efficiency, and reliability.