adjectiveform

Adjective form refers to the morphological shape an adjective takes in a language to modify a noun or to agree with a noun's features in a sentence. It encompasses inflectional variants, degree forms, and, in some languages, derivational or cliticized forms used to express properties such as size, color, origin, or evaluation.

Inflectional agreement: In languages with rich adjective morphology, adjectives change to match the noun in gender, number, and sometimes case. Russian and German are examples: in Russian, endings vary with masculine, feminine, neuter, and plural and with noun case; in German, adjectives show strong or weak declension depending on the determiner and case. Other languages, such as Turkish or Vietnamese, have little or no gender or case agreement, leaving adjectives invariable for those features.

Degrees of comparison: Many languages encode comparison through adjective forms. English uses tall, taller, tallest or employs more/most with longer adjectives; languages such as Spanish or French often form comparisons with separate words or irregular roots (bueno/mejor/el mejor).

Position and syntax: Adjectives can be attributive, directly before or after the noun, or predicative, linked by a copula. Word order and agreement rules vary by language and can affect emphasis and nuance.

Derivation and semantics: Adjectives may arise from other words and acquire new senses. Irregular forms and suppletive roots are common in many languages, illustrating the diversity of adjective form across linguistic systems.