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An abscess is a localized collection of pus formed by the body's immune response to infection. It typically occurs when bacteria or other pathogens enter the body through a break in the skin, such as a cut or wound, or through the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. Abscesses can also form in the brain, lungs, or other internal organs.

The formation of an abscess involves several stages. Initially, the body's immune system responds to the infection by sending white blood cells to the affected area. These cells release chemicals that attract more immune cells and cause the surrounding tissue to swell and become inflamed. Over time, the immune cells may become trapped in the affected area, leading to the formation of a pocket of pus.

Abscesses can be painful and may cause fever, chills, and general malaise. They can also lead to the spread of infection to nearby tissues and organs, a condition known as sepsis. In severe cases, an abscess can cause tissue death and may require surgical drainage to prevent the spread of infection.

Treatment of an abscess typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria and drainage of the pus. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the abscess and prevent the spread of infection. Prevention of abscesses involves maintaining good hygiene, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and seeking prompt medical attention for any wounds or infections.