absolutismu

Absolutism is a political doctrine and practice characterized by the concentration of all governmental power in the hands of a single sovereign ruler, such as a monarch. This ruler, often claiming divine right, is considered to be above the law and not subject to any checks or balances from other branches of government or representative bodies. In an absolutist system, the monarch's will is the law, and they hold supreme authority over the state's military, judiciary, and administration.

Historically, absolutism flourished in Europe during the early modern period, particularly in the 17th and 18th centuries. Monarchs like Louis XIV of France, often referred to as the "Sun King," epitomize this era, famously stating "L'état, c'est moi" (The state, it is me). This concept implied that the monarch's personal authority was inseparable from the state itself. Absolutist rulers typically sought to consolidate their power by weakening the influence of the nobility, establishing centralized bureaucracies, and controlling religious institutions.

While absolutism promised order and stability, it also faced criticism for its potential to lead to tyranny and the suppression of individual liberties. The Enlightenment thinkers, in particular, challenged the legitimacy of absolutist rule, advocating for ideas of popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and natural rights, which eventually contributed to the decline of absolutism and the rise of more representative forms of government.