Zamstnaný

Zaměstnání (Czech) or zamestnanie (Slovak) refers to the state of having paid work under an employment relationship between an employee and an employer. It typically involves an employment contract that defines duties, working hours, place of work, remuneration, and benefits. Employees receive wages or salaries and may be covered by social security and health insurance, depending on national law.

Key characteristics include a hierarchical relationship, where the employer directs work, and the employee owes service and loyalty obligations within the contract's terms. Rights and obligations are established by labor or civil law, collective agreements, and company policies. Common protections include minimum wage, maximum working hours, paid annual leave, sick leave, health and safety standards, anti-discrimination provisions, and rules for termination, severance, and notice.

Forms of zaměstnání vary by jurisdiction and include full-time, part-time, permanent (unlimited duration), fixed-term, seasonal, and temporary agency work. Self-employment or freelance work is typically distinct from employee employment and is subject to different tax and social contributions.

Labor markets regulate zaměstnání through supply and demand for labor, education and training, and public policy. Indicators such as the employment rate and unemployment rate gauge the health of the labor market. In many economies, the formal sector offers contract-based employment with social protections, while the informal sector lacks formal contracts and benefits. Global variations reflect differences in legal traditions, social insurance systems, and economic conditions.