Zacatecas

Zacatecas is a state in north-central Mexico, and its capital city is also named Zacatecas. The state covers about 75,000 square kilometers and is characterized by a high-altitude plateau dotted with valleys and mountain ranges. The capital sits at roughly 2,300 meters above sea level and is known for its pink limestone architecture and winding streets.

Long inhabited by indigenous communities before the Spanish conquest, Zacatecas rose to prominence during the colonial silver boom. After the discovery of rich ore, the city and its mines, including the La Valenciana mine, attracted wealth, leading to the construction of elaborate Baroque churches and palaces. The mining industry declined in the 19th and 20th centuries but remains part of the economy in some towns such as Fresnillo.

Today the economy is diversified: mining remains important, but agriculture (corn, beans, barley), livestock, and manufacturing also contribute. The state features varied climates, mostly semi-arid to temperate, with significant altitude-related temperature differences.

Culturally Zacatecas is known for its historic center, notable churches, and museums. The Cerro de la Bufa hill provides views over the city. The state also contains archaeological sites such as La Quemada, and several colonial-era monuments, including the Cathedral of Zacatecas. Tourism is supported by festivals, religious and cultural events, and preserved architecture.