Základností

Základností is a term in chemistry referring to the number of hydrogen ions (H+) a base can donate or, more commonly, the number of hydroxide ions (OH-) a base can accept. It is a fundamental property of bases and influences their reactivity and strength.

Bases with a základností of one are called monobasic. They can donate or accept one proton or hydroxide ion per molecule. Examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).

Bases with a základností of two are called dibasic. They can donate or accept two protons or hydroxide ions per molecule. An example is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).

Tribasic bases have a základností of three, meaning they can donate or accept three protons or hydroxide ions per molecule. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), when acting as a base, exhibits tribasic properties.

The concept of základností is closely related to the definition of a base, particularly in the Brønsted-Lowry theory, where bases are proton acceptors. The higher the základností, the more protons a base can potentially neutralize or react with. This property is crucial in acid-base titrations and in understanding the buffering capacity of solutions.