Ydinvoimalla

ydinvoimalla is the Finnish term for nuclear fission, the process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more lighter nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy. This energy release occurs because the binding energy per nucleon in the resulting fragments is higher than that of the original nucleus. The most common fissionable isotopes used in energy production are uranium‑235 and plutonium‑239, which are capable of sustaining a controlled chain reaction.

In a nuclear reactor, a neutron strikes a fissile nucleus, causing it to split and emit additional neutrons. These secondary neutrons then continue the reaction, producing heat that is converted to steam and used to generate electricity. Control rods made of materials that absorb neutrons, such as boron or cadmium, are inserted into the reactor core to regulate the reaction rate and maintain a safe operating temperature. The heat generated is typically dissipated by a cooling system that uses water or another coolant to transfer the thermal energy to turbines.

The use of ydinvoimalla offers several advantages. It provides a large amount of power from a relatively small amount of fuel and produces minimal greenhouse gas emissions during operation. However, it also generates radioactive waste that requires careful long‑term storage. Moreover, the potential for catastrophic accidents, although low, has led to strict safety regulations and rigorous international oversight.

Historical milestones include the first artificial chain reaction in 1942, the development of the first nuclear power plant in the 1950s, and various accidents such as Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima, which have shaped global policy and public perception of nuclear energy.