Ydinsähköntuotanto

Ydinsähköntuotanto, also known as nuclear power generation, refers to the process of producing electricity through controlled nuclear reactions. The primary method employed is nuclear fission, where the nucleus of a heavy atom, typically uranium, is split into smaller nuclei. This splitting releases a significant amount of energy in the form of heat. This heat is then used to boil water, creating steam. The high-pressure steam drives a turbine, which is connected to a generator, thus producing electricity.

Nuclear power plants are designed with multiple safety systems to prevent accidents and contain radioactive materials. The fuel, usually uranium dioxide pellets, is encased in fuel rods, which are then assembled into fuel assemblies. These assemblies are placed within the reactor core. Control rods, made of neutron-absorbing materials, are used to regulate the rate of the nuclear reaction by absorbing excess neutrons.

The spent nuclear fuel, which is radioactive, requires careful handling and storage. While nuclear power offers a low-carbon source of electricity, the management of radioactive waste and the potential for accidents are significant concerns. The decommissioning of nuclear power plants also presents challenges due to the residual radioactivity. Despite these challenges, ydinsähköntuotanto plays a role in the global energy mix for many countries, contributing to energy security and climate change mitigation efforts.