Wzajemno

Wzajemno is a Polish adverb that historically signified reciprocity or mutuality in action. In contemporary standard Polish, the preferred adverb is wzajemnie, used to express that two or more subjects act toward one another. The form wzajemno is now uncommon and is typically regarded as archaic, regional, or stylistically marked. It occurs chiefly in older literature and in some dialectal varieties, where it could function similarly to wzajemnie in indicating reciprocal action.

Etymology: Wzajemno is derived from the adjective wzajemny (mutual, reciprocal) with an older adverbial formation. The semantic core is reciprocity.

Usage: In modern writing, wzajemnie is almost exclusively used to denote reciprocal behavior, as in Dziękujemy sobie wzajemnie (We thank each other mutually). When wzajemno appears, it is usually in historical texts or dialectal speech, and its meaning corresponds to the same reciprocal relation, though it may carry a more archaic or stylistically marked tone.

Grammar: Wzajemno can function as an adverb; wzajemny is the adjective; wzajemność is the noun meaning reciprocity or mutuality.

Notes: Because wzajemno is rarely employed in contemporary Polish, most readers will encounter it primarily in linguistic discussions or as a historical footnote. Modern usage favors wzajemnie for adverbial expressions of reciprocity.