WSL

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables natively on Windows. It enables users to run Linux command-line tools, utilities, and applications alongside Windows applications without a traditional virtual machine. WSL emphasizes integration with Windows, including access to Windows files and the ability to launch Windows programs from the Linux environment.

WSL has evolved through two main iterations. WSL 1 uses a translation layer that converts Linux system calls into Windows NT kernel calls, providing compatibility with many Linux user-space programs. WSL 2 introduces a real Linux kernel running in a lightweight virtual machine, improving compatibility, performance, and startup times. It also enhances filesystem performance and supports broader system-call compatibility.

Key features include interoperation between Windows and Linux environments. Users can access Windows drives from Linux via /mnt or browse Linux files from Windows through network paths such as \\wsl$. Linux distributions can be installed from the Microsoft Store, including Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, and others. Interoperability allows Linux processes to launch Windows executables and for Windows applications to consume Linux tools. WSL 2 supports enhanced performance, improved filesystem operations, and, in recent updates, Linux GUI applications (WSLg) on supported Windows versions.

Implementation requires Windows 10 (versions 1607 and later) or Windows 11, with the Windows Subsystem for Linux and Virtual Machine Platform features enabled. Users typically install a distribution, set WSL 2 as the default version, and begin using the Linux environment alongside Windows. WSL is widely used for development, testing, and other workflows that benefit from Linux tooling on a Windows desktop.