Vítamíni

Vítamíni are essential organic compounds that an organism requires in small quantities for proper functioning. They cannot be synthesized by the organism in sufficient quantities and therefore must be obtained through diet. Vitamins play crucial roles in various metabolic processes, including growth, digestion, nerve function, and immune response. They are broadly classified into two groups: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and water-soluble vitamins (C and the B vitamins).

Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with fats in the diet and can be stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver. This storage means that excessive intake can lead to toxicity. Vitamin A is important for vision, immune function, and skin health. Vitamin D is vital for calcium absorption and bone health. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.

Water-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, are not stored in the body and are excreted in urine. Therefore, they need to be consumed regularly. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and plays a role in collagen synthesis and immune function. The B vitamins (such as B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12) are involved in energy metabolism, red blood cell formation, and nervous system function. Deficiencies in specific vitamins can lead to various health problems, known as deficiency diseases. Conversely, consuming too many vitamins, particularly fat-soluble ones, can also be harmful. A balanced diet typically provides adequate amounts of most vitamins.