Vércsoportúak

Vércsoportúak refers to individuals categorized by their blood type. The most common blood typing systems are the ABO system and the Rh system. In the ABO system, blood types are classified as A, B, AB, or O, based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Type A blood has A antigens, type B has B antigens, type AB has both, and type O has neither. Antibodies against these antigens are also present in the plasma.

The Rh system determines the presence or absence of the Rh factor, also known as the D antigen. Individuals with the Rh factor are Rh-positive (Rh+), while those without it are Rh-negative (Rh-). This results in eight primary blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O-. Blood types are genetically inherited.

Understanding blood types is crucial for blood transfusions. A person can only safely receive blood transfusions from donors with compatible blood types to avoid severe immunological reactions. For example, type O- is considered a universal donor, meaning it can be given to most recipients, while type AB+ is a universal recipient, able to receive blood from most types. Blood types are also important in prenatal care, particularly in managing Rh incompatibility between a mother and fetus, which can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. Forensic science also utilizes blood typing for identification purposes, although DNA analysis has become more prevalent.