Voilure

Voilure is a term used in aeronautics to denote the lifting surface or lifting surfaces of an aircraft. In French-language technical literature it refers to the parts of the vehicle that generate lift, typically including the wings as well as horizontal and vertical stabilizers that contribute to lift and control.

In practical terms, voilure encompasses the geometry and arrangement of these surfaces, such as planform shape, wingspan, aspect ratio, sweep, taper, twist (washout), airfoil section, thickness distribution, and the location and sizing of control surfaces. Designers consider the voilure when determining lift generation, drag, stability, control authority, and overall aerodynamic efficiency.

The voilure plays a central role in aircraft performance and handling. Different configurations—such as high-aspect-ratio wings for efficiency, or swept and tapered wings for high-speed flight—reflect choices about the voilure to meet mission requirements. The interaction between the voilure and the aircraft’s propulsion, weight, and center of gravity shapes performance envelopes, including stall behavior and maneuverability.

In English-language contexts the concept is usually described as “lifting surface” or specifically as “wing” or “wing and tail surfaces.” Voilure persists as a core concept in aircraft design, affecting aerodynamic efficiency, stability, and control throughout aircraft development and operation. See also wing, airfoil, lift, drag, and aircraft design.