Viszkozitáskategória

Viszkozitáskategória refers to a classification system used to group lubricants based on their viscosity at specific temperatures. This categorization is crucial for ensuring that a lubricant is suitable for a particular operating environment and application. The most common viscosity classification system for engine oils is the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) system.

The SAE system assigns numerical grades to oils, such as 0W, 5W, 10W, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60. The "W" designation stands for "winter," indicating that the oil is formulated to perform at low temperatures. Oils with a "W" grade have two numbers, for example, 5W-30. The first number (e.g., 5W) represents the oil's viscosity at cold temperatures, while the second number (e.g., 30) represents its viscosity at higher operating temperatures. A lower first number indicates better cold-weather performance, meaning the oil will flow more easily in freezing conditions, which is essential for engine starting and lubrication. The second number indicates the oil's viscosity at 100 degrees Celsius. Higher numbers signify thicker oils at operating temperature.

Oils without the "W" designation, such as SAE 30 or SAE 40, are single-grade oils and are typically used in applications where temperature variations are less extreme or in older engines. Multigrade oils, like 5W-30, are designed to offer a wider operating range, providing adequate protection in both cold starts and high-temperature operation. This ability to maintain appropriate viscosity across a range of temperatures is achieved through the use of viscosity index improvers. Understanding the viszkozitáskategória of a lubricant helps users select the right product for their engine or machinery to ensure optimal performance, protection, and longevity.