Virtsakoe

Virtsakoe, also known as urinalysis, is a common laboratory test performed on a urine sample. It is used to detect and manage a wide range of medical conditions, including urinary tract infections, kidney disease, and diabetes. A urinalysis involves several components, including a visual examination of the urine's color and clarity, a chemical analysis using a dipstick, and a microscopic examination of urine sediment.

The visual examination assesses the urine's appearance. Normal urine is typically straw-colored and clear. Abnormalities such as cloudiness, a dark color, or the presence of blood can indicate underlying issues. The chemical analysis uses a dipstick with pads that change color when they react with specific substances in the urine. This can detect the presence of proteins, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, and nitrites, which can be indicators of various diseases. For instance, the presence of glucose in urine may suggest diabetes, while elevated protein levels can point to kidney problems.

The microscopic examination involves examining a small amount of urine sediment under a microscope. This allows for the identification of red blood cells, white blood cells, bacteria, crystals, and casts. White blood cells can indicate infection, while red blood cells might suggest bleeding in the urinary tract. Crystals can sometimes be associated with kidney stones, and casts can provide clues about kidney function and disease. A complete virtsakoe provides valuable information for diagnosing and monitoring a patient's health.