Vezetésblokk

Vezetésblokk, also known as heart block or atrioventricular block, is a condition where there is a delay or interruption in the electrical conduction between the atria and the ventricles of the heart. The heart's electrical system is responsible for coordinating the contractions of the heart chambers, ensuring blood is pumped efficiently. The atrioventricular (AV) node is a critical component of this system, acting as a gatekeeper that slows down the electrical impulse from the atria before it reaches the ventricles. Invezetésblokk, this normal slowing process is disrupted.

There are three main degrees ofvezetésblokk. First-degree AV block is characterized by a prolonged PR interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG), indicating a general slowing of conduction without any dropped beats. Second-degree AV block involves some impulses from the atria failing to reach the ventricles. This can manifest in two subtypes: Mobitz type I (Wenckebach), where the PR interval progressively lengthens until a beat is dropped, and Mobitz type II, where dropped beats occur irregularly without significant progressive lengthening of the PR interval. Third-degree AV block, also known as complete heart block, is the most severe form, where no electrical impulses from the atria can reach the ventricles, leading to the ventricles generating their own slow, independent rhythm.

The causes ofvezetésblokk are varied and can include age-related degeneration of the heart's electrical system, coronary artery disease, heart attacks, certain medications (such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers), inflammatory conditions, and congenital heart defects. Symptoms can range from none to dizziness, fainting (syncope), shortness of breath, and fatigue, depending on the severity and degree of the block. Diagnosis is typically made through an ECG. Treatment depends on the type and cause, and may involve monitoring for mild cases, adjusting medications, or the implantation of a pacemaker for more severe forms to ensure a consistent heart rhythm.