Vertikális

Vertikális is a Hungarian adjective meaning vertical, oriented along the vertical axis, i.e., perpendicular to the horizon. It is used in geometry and everyday language to describe lines, planes, or directions that run from top to bottom. In a Cartesian coordinate system, a vertical line has an undefined slope and is parallel to the vertical axis (függőleges tengely). The corresponding adverb is vertikálisan.

The term appears across disciplines: in architecture and construction to denote elements aligned vertically; in design and typography to describe vertical alignment (for example vertical spacing or vertical text orientation); in physics and meteorology to describe vertical components of vectors or vertical air movement; and in data visualization to refer to vertical axes and bars.

In business and economics, vertikális is used in phrases such as vertikális piac, denoting a market segment with specialized, industry-specific needs, as opposed to a broad horizontal market. It is also used in the concept of vertikális integráció (vertical integration), describing ownership or control of multiple stages of production or distribution by a single company.

Etymology: vertikális comes from Latin verticalis, from vertical-, related to vertex, and entered Hungarian through scientific and academic language. The spelling is vertikális, with the adverbial form vertikálisan. The term is often contrasted with horizontális to indicate orientation relative to the horizontal plane.