Vertebratlar

Vertebratlar is a taxonomic subphylum within the phylum Chordata. They are distinguished by the presence of a vertebral column, also known as a backbone, which encloses and protects the spinal cord. This defining feature provides structural support and allows for greater mobility and complexity in many species. Vertebrates represent a diverse group of animals, encompassing a vast array of forms and adaptations found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments.

The subphylum Vertebrata is typically divided into several major classes, including Agnatha (jawless fish), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish), Osteichthyes (bony fish), Amphibia (amphibians), Reptilia (reptiles), Aves (birds), and Mammalia (mammals). While these classes exhibit significant differences in their characteristics, such as the presence of jaws, limbs, lungs, or feathers, they all share the fundamental vertebrate body plan. Key features common to most vertebrates include a well-developed brain, a closed circulatory system, and a segmented body. Their evolutionary history is marked by adaptations that have allowed them to colonize nearly every habitat on Earth.