Vastustähtaegu

Vastustähtaegu refers to the statutory limitation periods within which legal actions can be initiated in Estonia. These periods are established by law to ensure legal certainty and prevent indefinite uncertainty for potential defendants. Once a limitation period expires, a party generally loses the right to pursue a claim through the courts, though exceptions may apply.

The most common limitation period for general claims is three years. This applies to various obligations, such as compensation for damages, claims arising from contracts, and other monetary claims, unless a specific shorter or longer period is stipulated by law. For certain specific types of legal relationships or claims, different limitation periods are set. For example, claims related to the sale of goods, rent, or certain types of torts might have shorter periods. Conversely, some claims, like those for immovable property rights, may have longer limitation periods.

Estonian law also outlines rules regarding the commencement, interruption, and suspension of limitation periods. The period typically begins when the aggrieved party becomes aware or should have become aware of the circumstances giving rise to the claim and the identity of the liable party. Interruption can occur if a lawsuit is filed or certain other legal actions are taken, resetting the clock. Suspension may happen under specific circumstances, such as when a party is legally incapacitated, temporarily unable to pursue their rights, or during ongoing negotiations. Understanding these periods and rules is crucial for anyone involved in legal disputes or seeking to protect their rights in Estonia.