Vastavuus

Vastavuus, or reciprocity, is a concept describing a reciprocal relationship or mutual exchange between two or more parties. It characterizes situations in which actions, rights, or obligations are returned in kind, creating a bidirectional dynamic that reinforces cooperation and social ties.

The term is used across disciplines to denote a symmetric pattern of interaction. In everyday language, vastavuus underpins norms such as returning favors or offering help with the expectation that assistance will be reciprocated in the future. In social theory, it is central to ideas about social exchange, trust, and the formation of durable bonds among individuals and groups.

In legal, political, and economic contexts, reciprocity refers to mutual recognition of rights, privileges, or obligations. Examples include reciprocal trade or legal arrangements that require each party to provide similar concessions or benefits to the other. In mathematics and logic, a related sense of reciprocity can describe bidirectional or symmetric relations, though the precise meaning varies by field.

Cultural differences influence how and when reciprocity is expected or valued. Norms may differ in strength, form, and enforcement, and power imbalances can distort exchanges, turning what should be fair reciprocity into coercive or exploitative dynamics.

See also: reciprocity, social exchange theory, mutual aid, quid pro quo.