Valtioneuvosto

Valtioneuvosto, or the Government of Finland, is the nation’s central executive authority. It comprises the Prime Minister and the ministers, who head the government departments and collectively direct government policy, administer the state, and prepare and present legislation to the Parliament (Eduskunta). The Government also signs the state budget and oversees the implementation of laws and government agencies.

Formation and composition: The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, usually as the leader of the party or coalition that commands a majority in Parliament. Ministers are appointed by the President on the proposal of the Prime Minister and are typically Members of Parliament. The Government’s composition reflects the coalition or party balance in Parliament, and it remains in office until a new government is formed or Parliament is dissolved. Ministers may resign individually, and the Government can resign as a whole.

Relationships and accountability: The Government is collectively responsible to Parliament and can be removed by a vote of no confidence. It proposes laws, drafts the budget, and implements Parliament’s decisions. Cabinet meetings are held regularly to determine policy across sectors.

Foreign policy and domestic role: The President of Finland remains the Head of State and oversees foreign policy in cooperation with the Government. Since constitutional reforms, the Government conducts much of foreign policy in practice, negotiating international agreements and coordinating with Parliament on international affairs. Domestic administration, economic policy, and security issues are managed within the Government framework.

Overview: Valtioneuvosto functions as the principal mechanism for forming and executing Finnish public policy, balancing parliamentary supremacy with the ceremonial and international duties of the President.