Vértípusú

Vértípusú is a Hungarian term that translates to "blood type" in English. It refers to the classification of blood based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The most common blood typing system is the ABO system, which categorizes blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O. Another important system is the Rh factor, which determines whether blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative.

Blood type is determined by inherited genes. For example, a person with blood type A has A antigens on their red blood cells, while someone with blood type B has B antigens. Blood type AB has both A and B antigens, and blood type O has neither. The Rh factor is determined by the presence (Rh-positive) or absence (Rh-negative) of the Rh D antigen.

Understanding blood types is crucial for safe blood transfusions. Transfusing incompatible blood can lead to a severe immune reaction, known as a hemolytic transfusion reaction, which can be life-threatening. Donors and recipients must have compatible blood types to ensure the transfusion is safe and effective. For instance, individuals with blood type O negative are considered universal red blood cell donors, as their red blood cells can be given to people of any blood type. Conversely, individuals with blood type AB positive are universal plasma donors.

Blood typing is also important during pregnancy. If an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive baby, there is a risk of Rh incompatibility. This can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn, a condition where the mother's immune system attacks the baby's red blood cells. Medical interventions can prevent or treat this condition.