Védettség

Védettség, also known as immunity, is the state of being protected against a disease or infection. It can be acquired through various means, including natural infection, vaccination, or passive transfer of antibodies from another individual. Immunity can be classified into two main types: innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens. It includes physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular and molecular components like phagocytes and interferons. This type of immunity provides immediate protection but is not specific to particular pathogens.

Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is more specific and tailored to particular pathogens. It involves the production of antibodies and the activation of T cells, which are white blood cells that directly attack infected cells. This type of immunity can provide long-term protection and is the basis for vaccination.

Immunity can be temporary or lifelong. Temporary immunity, also known as acquired immunity, is usually the result of a recent infection or vaccination. Lifelong immunity, or natural immunity, is often the result of a severe infection that leaves the individual with a strong, long-lasting response to the pathogen.

Immunity can also be passive, where antibodies are transferred from one individual to another, or active, where the individual's own immune system produces antibodies in response to a pathogen. Passive immunity is often used in cases where active immunity is not possible, such as in newborns or individuals with compromised immune systems.

In summary, védettség, or immunity, is a crucial aspect of the body's defense against disease and infection. It can be innate or adaptive, temporary or lifelong, and can be acquired through natural infection, vaccination, or passive transfer of antibodies. Understanding immunity is essential for developing effective vaccines and treatments for infectious diseases.