ULEZ

ULEZ stands for Ultra Low Emission Zone, a traffic pollution control policy in London designed to reduce exhaust emissions and improve air quality by charging older, high-emission vehicles to enter the zone. It is administered by Transport for London (TfL). Vehicles must meet specified emissions standards or pay a daily charge to travel within the zone.

Scope and standards: The ULEZ currently covers the Greater London area. The standards are based on EU Euro emissions categories: most petrol cars must meet Euro 4; diesel cars must meet Euro 6; light commercial vehicles follow similar thresholds. Heavier vehicles such as buses, coaches and heavy goods vehicles have higher requirements (Euro VI for these vehicles).

History and operation: The scheme began in central London in 2019 and was expanded to the whole of London in 2021. It operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Enforcement relies on automatic number plate recognition cameras to determine compliance.

Charges: The daily charge for most cars, motorcycles, vans and minibuses is £12.50 if non-compliant. Heavier vehicles incur higher charges (for example £100 per day for lorries, buses and coaches). Vehicles that meet the standards do not incur a charge.

Exemptions: Several categories of vehicle are exempt or eligible for waivers, including fully electric or other zero-emission vehicles, and some historic vehicles. Other exemptions may apply for certain emergency, public service or disabled users.

Impact and reception: Proponents cite improvements in air quality and a shift toward cleaner transport, while critics argue that the scheme places costs on residents and businesses and may shift rather than reduce traffic.

Related schemes in London include the Congestion Charge and other emissions-related measures.