UDPglükuronoziltranszferázokkal

UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UGT) is a superfamily of enzymes that play a crucial role in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. These enzymes are primarily responsible for the process of glucuronidation, a key phase II detoxification pathway in many organisms. Glucuronidation involves the conjugation of glucuronic acid, derived from UDP-glucuronic acid, to a wide range of substrates. These substrates include bilirubin, steroid hormones, bile acids, fatty acids, and numerous drugs and environmental toxins.

The primary function of UGTs is to increase the water solubility of lipophilic compounds, thereby facilitating their excretion from the body. By attaching a polar glucuronic acid moiety, UGTs render potentially harmful or waste products more water-soluble, making them easier to eliminate via urine or bile. This process is vital for maintaining homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of toxic substances.

The UGT superfamily is diverse, with numerous isoforms identified in mammals, each exhibiting distinct substrate specificities and tissue distribution. This diversity allows for the efficient metabolism of a broad spectrum of compounds. Genetic variations and polymorphisms within UGT genes can significantly impact an individual's response to certain drugs and their susceptibility to various diseases. Consequently, UGTs are of considerable interest in pharmacogenetics and toxicology.