Türeoidihaiguste

Türeoidihaigused, also known as thyroid diseases, are a group of conditions that affect the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located at the base of the neck. The thyroid gland produces hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism, energy levels, heart rate, and body temperature.

These diseases can arise from an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) or an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid produces too much hormone, leading to symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, and tremors. Graves' disease is a common autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism.

Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, results from insufficient thyroid hormone production. Symptoms can include weight gain, fatigue, cold intolerance, and depression. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, another autoimmune condition, is a leading cause of hypothyroidism.

Other thyroid conditions include goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can occur with both overactive and underactive thyroid function, or be unrelated to hormone levels. Thyroid nodules, which are lumps that form within the thyroid gland, are also common and can be benign or cancerous. Thyroid cancer is a less common but serious condition where malignant cells form in the thyroid tissue.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), physical examination, and sometimes imaging techniques like ultrasound or biopsy. Treatment varies depending on the specific condition and may include medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial for preventing complications and maintaining overall health.