Tårproduction

Tårproduction, also known as tear production, is a physiological process carried out by the lacrimal glands and accessory glands in the eyes. These glands continuously produce a fluid film that lubricates and protects the ocular surface. This tear film is composed of three distinct layers: the lipid layer, the aqueous layer, and the mucin layer. The lipid layer, secreted by the meibomian glands in the eyelids, reduces evaporation. The aqueous layer, the thickest, is produced by the lacrimal glands and provides moisture and nutrients. The mucin layer, secreted by goblet cells in the conjunctiva, helps the aqueous layer adhere to the cornea.

Tears serve several vital functions. They keep the cornea moist, preventing dryness and damage. They also wash away debris and foreign particles, acting as a defense mechanism against infection. Furthermore, tears contain enzymes and antibodies that fight bacteria and viruses. Emotional tearing, a response to strong emotions like sadness or joy, is a distinct type of tear production that differs in composition from basal tearing, which occurs constantly. Reflex tearing is stimulated by irritants like smoke or onions, producing a larger volume of tears to flush out the irritant. Disruptions in tårproduction can lead to dry eye syndrome, a common and uncomfortable condition.