Távhrendszer

A távhőrendszer, often translated as district heating system, is a centralized method of distributing thermal energy, typically for heating purposes, to multiple buildings from a single source. This source is usually a power plant or a dedicated heating plant that generates heat through the combustion of fuels like natural gas, coal, biomass, or through waste heat recovery from industrial processes or geothermal energy. The heat is then transferred to water, which circulates through a network of underground insulated pipes to reach the end-users.

The primary advantage of távhőrendszer is its efficiency and environmental benefits. Centralized generation allows for economies of scale and the potential for higher efficiency in combustion and heat recovery compared to individual heating systems. Furthermore, by utilizing cleaner fuels or waste heat, district heating can significantly reduce local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The system can also enhance energy security by diversifying energy sources.

The infrastructure of a távhőrendszer involves a heat generation plant, a distribution network of insulated pipes, and substations at each building. These substations contain heat exchangers that transfer the heat from the district heating water to the building's internal heating and hot water systems. While initial investment in infrastructure can be substantial, operating costs are often competitive. Távhőrendszer is widely adopted in many European countries, particularly in urban areas, as an effective and sustainable approach to urban heating.