Tárgykapcsolat

Tárgykapcsolat is a term from Hungarian linguistics that refers to the grammatical relationship between a verb and its direct or indirect object. It is a key aspect of understanding verb transitivity and how sentences are constructed in Hungarian.

In Hungarian grammar, verbs can be transitive or intransitive. Transitive verbs require a direct object to complete their meaning, while intransitive verbs do not. The tárgykapcsolat describes how the object is linked to the verb.

There are two main types of tárgykapcsolat: accusative and dative. The accusative tárgykapcsolat occurs when the verb takes a direct object, typically indicating the recipient or target of the action. This object is marked with the accusative case ending, usually "-t" or "-at/-et". For example, in the sentence "Olvasom a könyvet" (I am reading the book), "könyvet" is the direct object in the accusative case, establishing an accusative tárgykapcsolat with the verb "olvasom" (I am reading).

The dative tárgykapcsolat occurs when a verb takes an indirect object, often indicating to whom or for whom an action is performed. This object is marked with the dative case ending, usually "-nak/-nek". For example, in "Adtam a pénzt a fiúnak" (I gave the money to the boy), "fiúnak" is the indirect object in the dative case, forming a dative tárgykapcsolat with the verb "adtam" (I gave).

Understanding tárgykapcsolat is crucial for correctly forming sentences and comprehending the meaning of verbs and their complements in Hungarian. It directly impacts verb conjugation and noun declension within a sentence.