Táplálékfelszívódás

Táplálékfelszívódás refers to the process by which digested nutrients pass from the digestive tract into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. This essential physiological function occurs primarily in the small intestine, although some absorption of water and electrolytes takes place in the large intestine. The small intestine is uniquely adapted for absorption, featuring a large surface area due to folds, villi, and microvilli.

Different nutrients are absorbed through various mechanisms. Carbohydrates, after being broken down into monosaccharides like glucose, are absorbed via active transport and facilitated diffusion. Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are then absorbed through active transport. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, then reassembled into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons, which enter the lymphatic system before eventually reaching the bloodstream. Vitamins and minerals are absorbed through specific transport mechanisms, with some requiring carrier proteins or active transport. Water and electrolytes are absorbed through osmosis and active transport, respectively, with the majority occurring in the large intestine. Efficient táplálékfelszívódás is crucial for providing the body with the energy and building blocks necessary for growth, repair, and overall function. Impairments in this process can lead to malabsorption disorders and nutritional deficiencies.