Tyhjiöeristeet

Tyhjiöeristeet, known in English as vacuum insulation, refers to a type of thermal insulation that utilizes a vacuum to minimize heat transfer. This is achieved by creating a near-vacuum space between two or more surfaces, typically separated by a strong, low-conductivity material or supported by pillars to prevent collapse under atmospheric pressure. The absence of air molecules in the vacuum dramatically reduces heat transfer through conduction and convection, which are the primary mechanisms of heat loss in conventional insulation materials.

The effectiveness of vacuum insulation stems from the fundamental principle that heat requires a medium for conduction and convection to occur. By removing the medium (air), these modes of heat transfer are significantly suppressed. Heat transfer through radiation can still occur across the vacuum space, but this is often mitigated by using reflective surfaces on the interior of the vacuum envelope.

Vacuum insulation offers extremely high thermal resistance (R-value) for a given thickness compared to traditional insulation materials like fiberglass or foam. This makes it an attractive option for applications where space is limited or where superior insulation performance is required. Common applications include high-performance coolers, thermal flasks, vacuum insulated panels (VIPs) used in construction, and specialized industrial equipment. The manufacturing process for vacuum insulation can be more complex and costly than for conventional materials, and careful sealing is crucial to maintain the vacuum over time.