Turbinák

Turbinák are rotary mechanical devices that extract energy from a fluid flow and use it to do mechanical work by rotating an output shaft. The fluid can be a liquid, such as water or steam, or a gas, such as air or combustion products. Turbinák are a key component in many power generation systems.

The fundamental principle behind a turbina's operation is the transfer of kinetic and/or potential energy from a moving fluid to the rotating blades of the turbina. As the fluid passes over the blades, it exerts a force, causing the rotor to spin. This rotational motion is then used to drive other machinery.

There are several types of turbinák, categorized by the fluid they use and their design. Water turbinák, like Francis, Pelton, and Kaplan turbines, are used in hydroelectric power plants. Steam turbinák are essential for thermal power plants, converting the heat energy of steam into mechanical energy. Gas turbinák are commonly used in aircraft engines and for power generation, utilizing the expansion of hot combustion gases. Wind turbinák harness the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity.

The efficiency of a turbina is a crucial factor in its design and application, referring to the ratio of useful mechanical energy produced to the energy available in the fluid flow. Turbinák are vital for modern society, providing electricity for homes, industries, and transportation.