Tsüklodekstriine

Tsüklodekstriine (cyclodextrins) are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides derived from starch. They are produced by the enzymatic conversion of starch using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase). The most common types are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins, which differ in the number of glucose units (six, seven, and eight, respectively) forming the ring.

A distinctive feature of cyclodextrins is their toroidal or conical shape, with a hydrophobic inner cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface. This unique structure allows them to form inclusion complexes, where small guest molecules can be encapsulated within the hydrophobic cavity. This complexation is reversible and depends on the size and polarity of the guest molecule.

This property makes cyclodextrins highly versatile in various applications. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are used to improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. They can also mask unpleasant tastes and odors and control drug release. In the food industry, cyclodextrins are employed to encapsulate flavors, reduce cholesterol content, and stabilize food ingredients. Other applications include cosmetics, agriculture, environmental remediation, and analytical chemistry. The safety and biodegradability of cyclodextrins contribute to their widespread use.