Trofoblastisolujen

Trofoblastisolujen are specialized cells that form the trophectoderm, the outer layer of the blastocyst in mammalian embryonic development. These cells are crucial for establishing and maintaining pregnancy. Initially, the trophectoderm differentiates into two distinct layers: the inner cytotrophoblast and the outer syncytiotrophoblast. The cytotrophoblast consists of individual cells with distinct nuclei, while the syncytiotrophoblast is a multinucleated continuous layer formed by the fusion of cytotrophoblast cells.

The primary function of trophoblast cells is to invade the maternal endometrium, a process known as implantation. This invasion allows for the formation of the placenta, a vital organ that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and the developing fetus. Trophoblast cells also secrete hormones, most notably human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is essential for maintaining the corpus luteum and preventing menstruation during early pregnancy. Furthermore, trophoblast cells play a role in suppressing the maternal immune response to prevent rejection of the semi-allogeneic embryo. Defects in trophoblast function or invasion can lead to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.