Triózfoszfátok

Triózfoszfátok is a general term for a group of three-carbon sugar phosphates that play a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism. The most prominent member of this group is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), which is an intermediate in glycolysis. Another important triózfoszfát is dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), which is interconverted with G3P.

These molecules are vital because they bridge the initial energy-requiring steps of glycolysis with the energy-releasing steps. During glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is cleaved into two three-carbon molecules. One of these is DHAP, which is then isomerized to G3P. G3P then proceeds through the rest of the glycolytic pathway, ultimately yielding ATP and pyruvate.

Triózfoszfátok are also involved in other metabolic pathways. For instance, they are precursors for the synthesis of glycerol and fatty acids, components of lipids. In photosynthesis, G3P is a key product of the Calvin cycle and serves as the primary building block for glucose and other carbohydrates. The interconversion between G3P and DHAP is catalyzed by the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase. The precise balance and interconversion of these triózfoszfátok are essential for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and providing building blocks for various biomolecules.