Tranzitív

Tranzitív is a linguistic term used to describe a class of verbs that require a direct object to complete their meaning. The concept comes from Latin transitivus and is used across many languages to distinguish verbs that act upon something or someone from those that do not. In simple terms, a tranzitív verb answers questions like “what” or “whom” with a direct object.

In practice, transitivity is a property of the verb’s valency—the number of participants it requires or permits. Transitive verbs typically appear in clauses with a subject performing an action on a direct object, as in “She reads a book” or “He kicked the ball.” Intransitive verbs, by contrast, do not require a direct object, as in “The sun shines” or “She sleeps.” Some verbs can be used both transitively and intransitively, depending on the sentence and the intended meaning; these are sometimes described as ambitransitive.

Besides the basic dichotomy, many languages further classify verbs by additional patterns. Ditransitive verbs take two object positions, usually a direct object and an indirect object (for example, “She gave him a gift”). In languages with explicit case marking or clausal syntax, transitivity interacts with how objects are marked or positioned, such as through accusative or dative cases, or prepositional phrases.

Tranzitív verbs are a central concept in syntax and grammar because they influence sentence structure, agreement, and argument marking. Understanding whether a verb is tranzitív helps explain why certain objects appear in a sentence and how meaning is constructed.

See also: transitive verb, intransitive verb, ditransitive.