Transzlációs

Transzlációs refers to the process of translation in molecular biology. It is the synthesis of a polypeptide chain from an mRNA template. This process occurs in ribosomes, which are cellular machines found in the cytoplasm. The genetic information encoded in the mRNA molecule, in the form of codons (three-nucleotide sequences), is read by the ribosome. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid, except for stop codons, which signal the termination of translation. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are crucial adapters in this process. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon loop that is complementary to a specific mRNA codon. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, tRNAs bind to their corresponding codons, delivering their amino acid cargo. Peptide bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids, creating a growing polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide is determined by the sequence of codons in the mRNA. This fundamental biological process is essential for gene expression, as it converts the genetic code into functional proteins. Without transzlációs, cells would not be able to produce the proteins necessary for their structure, function, and regulation.