Transzlokációt

Transzlokációt refers to the movement of a ribosome along a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule during protein synthesis. This process is a fundamental part of translation, the mechanism by which genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to build proteins. After a peptide bond is formed between the incoming amino acid and the growing polypeptide chain, the ribosome shifts one codon, or three nucleotides, forward on the mRNA. This movement repositions the mRNA and the associated transfer RNAs (tRNAs) within the ribosome's active sites. Specifically, the tRNA that was in the P site (peptidyl site) moves to the E site (exit site), and the tRNA that was in the A site (aminoacyl site) containing the newly added amino acid moves to the P site. This translocation exposes the next codon on the mRNA in the A site, making it available for a new aminoacyl-tRNA to bind. This cyclical process continues until a stop codon is encountered on the mRNA, signaling the termination of translation and the release of the completed polypeptide chain. The accuracy and efficiency of transzlokációt are crucial for producing functional proteins.