Transzdukcióval

Transzdukcióval is a biological process where genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus. This occurs during viral replication. When a bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria, infects a host cell, it injects its own genetic material into the bacterium. During the assembly of new virus particles within the host cell, fragments of the host bacterium's DNA can be accidentally packaged into the new phage capsids. When these newly formed phages are released from the host cell, they can then infect other bacteria. Upon infecting a new bacterium, the phage injects the genetic material it carries. This material can include the bacterial DNA fragments that were packaged during the previous infection.

There are two main types of transzdukcióval: generalized and specialized. Generalized transzdukcióval can occur with any gene in the bacterial chromosome. This happens when any part of the host DNA is mistakenly packaged into a phage capsid. Specialized transzdukcióval, on the other hand, involves the transfer of only specific genes. This typically occurs when a temperate bacteriophage, which integrates its own DNA into the host chromosome, excises itself improperly. During this improper excision, it can take adjacent bacterial genes along with its own viral DNA. These genes are then packaged into new phages and can be transferred to other bacteria. Transzdukcióval is a significant mechanism for genetic recombination in bacteria and plays a role in the spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors.