Tränenfilmgleichgewicht

Tränenfilmgleichgewicht refers to the delicate balance of the tear film that covers the surface of the eye. This film is a complex, three-layered structure essential for maintaining ocular health and clear vision. The innermost layer is a mucin layer, secreted by goblet cells in the conjunctiva, which helps the watery aqueous layer adhere to the corneal surface. The middle layer, the aqueous layer, is the thickest and is produced by the lacrimal glands. It provides hydration, nutrients, and oxygen to the cornea, as well as washing away debris and foreign particles. The outermost layer is a lipid layer, secreted by the meibomian glands in the eyelids. This lipid layer prevents the rapid evaporation of the aqueous layer, thus stabilizing the tear film.

Disruptions to this Tränenfilmgleichgewicht can lead to dry eye disease, a common condition characterized by discomfort, visual disturbances, and potential damage to the ocular surface. Factors contributing to an imbalance include insufficient tear production, excessive evaporation, or abnormalities in the composition of any of the three layers. Environmental factors such as dry air, wind, and prolonged screen time can exacerbate tear film instability. Symptoms of an unstable tear film can include stinging, burning, grittiness, blurred vision, and a feeling of something in the eye. Maintaining a healthy Tränenfilmgleichgewicht is crucial for comfortable and clear vision and is often addressed through artificial tears, punctal plugs, or addressing underlying causes like blepharitis.