Tirozinkinázokat

Tirozinkinázokat, also known as tyrosine kinases, are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in cell signaling pathways. They are responsible for the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on protein substrates, which can regulate various cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Tirozinkinázokat are a large family of proteins, with over 500 members identified in the human genome, and they are classified into several subfamilies based on their structure and function.

The catalytic domain of tyrosine kinases consists of a kinase domain, which is responsible for the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to the tyrosine residue on the substrate protein. This phosphorylation event can activate or inhibit the substrate protein, depending on the specific kinase and its downstream targets. Tyrosine kinases can be further classified into receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs). RTKs have an extracellular domain that binds to specific ligands, while NRTKs do not.

Tyrosine kinases are involved in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. They are also targets for therapeutic intervention, as dysregulation of tyrosine kinase activity has been linked to several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are a class of drugs that have been developed to target and block the activity of specific tyrosine kinases, thereby inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and other pathological processes. Examples of TKIs include imatinib, gefitinib, and dasatinib.