Tiamínpyrofosfát

Tiamínpyrofosfát, also known as thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), is the biologically active form of vitamin B1 (thiamine). It is a coenzyme essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, playing a crucial role in energy production within cells. TPP is derived from thiamine through a phosphorylation process.

This coenzyme is involved in several key enzymatic reactions, most notably in the breakdown of glucose through the citric acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway. It acts as a cofactor for enzymes such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. These enzymes catalyze decarboxylation reactions, where a carboxyl group is removed from a molecule, releasing carbon dioxide.

The deficiency of thiamine, and consequently TPP, can lead to beriberi, a disease characterized by neurological and cardiovascular problems. Symptoms can include fatigue, muscle weakness, confusion, and heart issues. TPP is synthesized in the body and is also obtained through dietary intake of thiamine found in foods like whole grains, pork, and legumes. Its formation is catalyzed by the enzyme thiamine pyrophosphokinase.