Thermischeuitval

Thermischeuitval, also known as thermal runaway, is a phenomenon where an increase in temperature causes a further increase in temperature, often leading to a destructive outcome. This positive feedback loop occurs in various systems, particularly those involving chemical reactions or electrical components.

In chemical reactions, exothermic processes generate heat. If this heat is not dissipated efficiently, the reaction rate increases, producing even more heat. This can escalate rapidly, resulting in uncontrolled temperature rise, decomposition, or even explosion. Examples include self-accelerating decomposition in certain energetic materials or uncontrolled polymerization.

In electrical systems, components like batteries, resistors, or power semiconductors can experience thermal runaway. Overcharging, internal defects, or external overheating can cause an increase in electrical resistance, leading to Joule heating. As the temperature rises, the resistance might increase further, exacerbating the heating process. This can cause component failure, fire, or damage to surrounding equipment. Lithium-ion batteries are particularly susceptible to thermal runaway if damaged or improperly manufactured, often leading to smoke and fire.

Preventing thermal runaway involves careful design, material selection, and robust control systems. This includes effective heat dissipation mechanisms, temperature monitoring, current limiting, and safety interlocks. Understanding the conditions under which thermal runaway can occur is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of many technological applications.