Testscores
Test scores are numerical representations of an individual’s performance on an assessment. They commonly begin as raw scores—points earned for correct answers or items completed—that can be converted into standardized forms. Depending on the test, scores may be reported as raw counts, percentage scores, or more complex metrics designed to enable comparison across different test forms.
To facilitate comparison, many tests use scaled scores or percentile ranks. Scaled scores adjust for differences
Tests may be norm-referenced or criterion-referenced. Norm-referenced tests compare a test taker to a national or
Limitations include potential cultural or language bias, unequal access, and the fact that tests capture only