Temperatuurer

Temperatuurer is not a standard term in technical usage, and the concept it would refer to is temperature. Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses the degree of hotness or coldness of a system. It is related to the average kinetic energy of its particles and determines the direction of heat transfer: heat flows from higher to lower temperature objects until thermal equilibrium is reached.

Temperature is measured using various scales, notably Celsius (°C), Kelvin (K), and Fahrenheit (°F). The Kelvin scale starts at absolute zero, 0 K, the theoretical limit where molecular motion ceases; in Celsius terms, absolute zero is about -273.15°C. At standard atmospheric pressure, water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.

Instruments such as thermometers and sensors are used to measure temperature. Common technologies include liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and infrared sensors. Calibration against known fixed points and standards ensures accuracy. Temperature is an intensive property: it does not depend on the amount of material present, unlike heat.

Applications span meteorology, climate science, medicine, engineering, manufacturing, and daily life. Temperature control is essential in chemical reactions, electronics cooling, food safety, and energy systems. In science, temperature underpins thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, linking macroscopic observables to microscopic behavior.