Tejsavtermelése

Tejsavtermelése refers to the process of lactic acid production. This biological process is primarily carried out by certain bacteria, known as lactic acid bacteria, and also occurs in animal muscle cells during strenuous activity. In both cases, the fundamental reaction involves the conversion of glucose or glycogen into lactic acid.

Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic pathway that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, which is essential for glycolysis to continue. In the absence of oxygen, glycolysis produces pyruvate, which would otherwise accumulate. Lactic acid fermentation then converts pyruvate into lactic acid, allowing NAD+ to be replenished and glycolysis to proceed, thus generating ATP.

For lactic acid bacteria, this process is a means of energy production and is crucial in various food production applications. It is the basis for the fermentation of milk into yogurt and cheese, the production of sauerkraut, kimchi, and other fermented foods. The acidic environment created by lactic acid also helps preserve these foods by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms.

In animal muscle cells, lactic acid production occurs during anaerobic exercise when the demand for oxygen exceeds supply. This leads to the build-up of lactic acid, which can contribute to muscle fatigue. However, lactic acid can also be transported to the liver and converted back into glucose through the Cori cycle.