TSC12komplexet

TSC12komplexet, also known as the TSC12 complex, is a protein complex involved in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. It is composed of 12 subunits, including TSC1, TSC2, PP2A, and 14-3-3 proteins. The complex is primarily located in the cytoplasm and plays a crucial role in the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is essential for cell growth and proliferation.

The TSC12 complex is activated by various upstream signals, including growth factors, nutrients, and stress signals. Activation of the complex leads to the inhibition of mTOR, which in turn suppresses cell growth and proliferation. This inhibition is mediated through the phosphorylation of TSC2 by the GTPase Rheb, which is activated by mTORC1.

The TSC12 complex is also involved in the regulation of autophagy, a cellular process that degrades and recycles cellular components. Activation of the complex leads to the inhibition of autophagy, which is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Mutations in the genes encoding the subunits of the TSC12 complex have been linked to various human diseases, including tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), which is characterized by the development of benign tumors in multiple organs, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), which is characterized by the development of tumors in the lungs and lymph vessels.

In summary, the TSC12 complex is a critical regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and autophagy. Its activation leads to the inhibition of the mTOR pathway and the suppression of cell growth and proliferation. Mutations in the genes encoding the subunits of the complex have been linked to various human diseases.