TRAILR2DR5

TRAILR2DR5, also known as TNF receptor superfamily member 10b, is a protein encoded by the TNFRSF10B gene in humans. It belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which plays a critical role in regulating immune responses and programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. TRAILR2DR5 is a cell surface receptor that binds to the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also known as Apo2L.

Upon binding of TRAIL to TRAILR2DR5, the receptor can initiate signaling pathways that lead to apoptosis. This process involves the recruitment of adapter proteins to the intracellular death domain of the receptor, forming a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). The DISC then activates caspase-8, a key initiator caspase, which in turn activates downstream executioner caspases, ultimately leading to the dismantling of the cell.

TRAILR2DR5 is expressed on a variety of cell types, including many cancer cells. Its role in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells has made it a target for cancer therapy research. Strategies aim to selectively activate TRAILR2DR5 on tumor cells, thereby triggering their self-destruction while sparing healthy cells. However, the precise mechanisms of TRAILR2DR5 signaling and its regulation are complex and still under investigation. Variations in its expression or function can influence a cell's susceptibility to apoptosis.